In short
A phase is a power cable that brings electricity into your home. With a 1-phase connection 230 volts arrive through one cable, with a 3-phase connection through three cables.
What is the difference between 1-phase and 3-phase?
A 1-phase connection is found mostly in homes built before 2011, as 1x25A or 1x35A. The 3-phase 3x25A connection is found in homes built from 2011. That is a rule of thumb: a connection may have been upgraded later.
For a home battery the difference matters in two places. A battery with a plug delivers on one phase. And systems with professional installation come in separate 1-phase and 3-phase versions.
How do you see whether you have 1-phase or 3-phase?
The surest way is your grid operator. You can see it by logging in to your grid operator. Your meter often carries a sticker with the grid operator's name and sometimes a symbol showing how many phases the connection has.
In the meter cupboard you can also look at the main switch, if there is one. Not every meter cupboard has one, so if it is missing the cupboard itself tells you nothing about your connection. If in doubt, have a certified installer check it.
| What to look at | 1-phase | 3-phase |
|---|---|---|
| Cables entering the home | One cable (phase) | Three cables (phases) |
| Capacity in amps | 1x25A or 1x35A | 3x25A |
| Main switch | 2-pole | 4-pole |
| Often found in | Homes built before 2011 | Homes built from 2011 |
What does it mean for a plug-and-play battery?
A plug-and-play battery is made for a socket. By default it delivers 800 W (Hoymiles 800 VA) to the grid. Each unit works on one phase, even if your home has a 3-phase connection.
With 3-phase the question is how to spread several units. A Marstek Venus E only supplies the single-phase load on the live wire it is connected to, and with several units at home the three-phase compensation mode is strongly advised. You place at most 3 per phase, and with a SmartBox up to 9 spread over 3 phases. Of the TSUN PowerTrunk you can place at most 4 units on one phase.
Mind the circuit. That is not the same as a phase, and the numbers above are product limits: no more than one home battery per circuit is the advice, and for more batteries you call in a certified installer. How to connect it safely and who may install it is covered in connecting a plug-and-play home battery safely.
| Model | Default to the grid | With installation (1-phase) | Capacity and expansion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Marstek Venus E 3.0 | 800 W | up to 2,500 W | 5.12 kWh. Max. 3 per phase, up to 9 over 3 phases with a SmartBox |
| TSUN PowerTrunk MAU5000 | 800 W | up to 2,500 W | 5.12 kWh. Max. 4 units on one phase |
| HYXI Halo | 800 W | up to 1,500 W | From 3.014 kWh, modules up to 18.086 kWh |
| AEG Solarcube 6.0 kWh | 800 W | up to 1,500 W | 6.028 kWh in two modules |
| Hoymiles HiBattery 1920 AC | 800 VA | up to 2,000 VA | 1.92 kWh per unit |
Systems with installation: 1-phase and 3-phase versions
If you want more power or a fixed connection, look at systems with installation. See the 1-phase systems if you have 1-phase and the 3-phase systems if you have 3-phase.
The table shows the AC power of the range, depending on the model. Which combination of inverter and battery modules fits is set out in your proposal.
| System | Type | AC power (depends on model) |
|---|---|---|
| KSTAR BluE-S | 1-phase | 3.68 or 5 kW |
| HYXI Aura 1-phase | 1-phase | 3 to 12 kW |
| KSTAR E8KT / E10KT / E12KT | 3-phase | 8, 10 or 12 kW |
| HYXI Aura 3-phase | 3-phase | 5 to 30 kW |
| Sungrow PowerHarbor | 3-phase | 10 to 30 kW |
What does it cost to go from 1-phase to 3-phase?
Going to 3-phase involves two parties. Your grid operator changes your connection. Your installer makes sure there is a suitable main switch: for a 3-phase connection that is a 4-pole main switch. At Liander this work is not part of what the grid operator does, so the installer's costs come on top of what the grid operator charges. What the grid operator charges differs per region.
Looking at a 3-phase system? Then see the systems with installation. The one-off amount per grid operator is in the table; all amounts are 2026 tariffs, including VAT.
| Grid operator | One-off, 1-phase to 3x25A (2026) | How to apply |
|---|---|---|
| Liander | € 368.77 including VAT; higher if the connection cable has to be replaced | Via mijnaansluiting.nl |
| Enexis | After you apply you receive a quote with the final amount | Via mijnaansluiting.nl |
| Stedin | No quote in the standard situation; a quote does follow if extra work is needed | Via mijnaansluiting.nl |
What does it change per year in grid costs?
Mind the yearly costs. At Liander 1x25A, 1x35A and 1x40A fall in the same tariff group as 3x25A, and in 2026 Enexis charges one tariff for everything above 1x10A up to and including 3x25A. Moving to 3x25A therefore usually does not change your grid costs.
Above 3x25A it is different: the heavier your connection, the higher the network costs. At Enexis in 2026 you pay € 1,971.04 per year for 3x35A, against € 475.84 up to and including 3x25A. That is € 1,495.20 per year more (own calculation from the two amounts, 2026, including VAT).
So do not apply for a heavier connection than you need, and discuss with your installer which connection value your system requires. Another grid operator charges different amounts: check the tariff sheet of your own grid operator.
| Connection value | Network costs per year, incl. VAT (Enexis 2026) |
|---|---|
| Above 1x10A up to and including 3x25A | € 475.84 |
| 3x35A (or 3x40A with circuit breaker) | € 1,971.04 |
How do you choose between these routes?
Start with your connection and your space. If you want a battery made for a socket, look at plug-and-play. If you want more than 800 W or a fixed connection, look at installation. The battery match helps you choose. If you do not know your connection, pick "I don't know" and we check the phase with you first.
Which routes Voltravo offers for connecting it yourself or having it installed is on the installation page. This page only covers what the number of phases means for your choice.
Does the energy label count in your choice? Read home battery and energy label.
Sources
- Enexis: what is a connection (Dutch): With 1-phase, 230 volts arrive through one cable; with 3-phase, through three cables (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Enexis: main switch (Dutch): 1-phase needs a 2-pole main switch, 3-phase a 4-pole one, and a certified installer helps to fit it. Not every meter cupboard has one (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Milieu Centraal: sustainable living without a 3-phase connection (Dutch): 1-phase mostly in homes before 2011 (1x25A or 1x35A), 3x25A from 2011. You can check via your grid operator and the symbol on the meter (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Fire service: plug-and-play home battery (Dutch): No more than one home battery per circuit in the meter cupboard; for several, call in a certified installer (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Marstek Venus E Gen 3 user manual (PDF): The device only supplies the single-phase load on the live wire. With several units the three-phase compensation mode is strongly advised (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- TSUN PowerTrunk TSOL-MAU5000 datasheet (PDF): Parallel setup on 1-phase and 3-phase grids, at most 4 units on one phase (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- KSTAR: BluE-S single-phase all-in-one: BluE-S 3680D-M1 and 5000D-M1 are single-phase systems (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- KSTAR: E8KT, E10KT and E12KT three-phase all-in-one: E8KT, E10KT and E12KT are three-phase systems (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Sungrow: PowerHarbor: PowerHarbor has a rated AC output power of 10 to 30 kW and a maximum three-phase unbalanced load of 150% (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Liander: one-off tariffs electricity 2026 (Dutch pdf): Upgrading a connection from 1-phase to 3x25A (or heavier up to 3x80A): € 368.77 including 21% VAT, excluding connection cable and cabinet; a higher tariff applies if the connection cable has to be replaced (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Liander: tariffs (Dutch): The electricity connection types 1x25A, 1x35A and 1x40A fall in the same tariff group as 3x25A (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Liander: connections (Dutch): Changing to a 3-phase connection requires a 4-pole main switch; that is not part of Liander's work but of a certified installer. You apply for an upgrade via mijnaansluiting.nl (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Enexis: upgrading a connection, what does it cost? (Dutch): After you apply you receive a quote with the final amount; the heavier the connection, the higher the network costs; apply via mijnaansluiting.nl (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Enexis: monthly network costs electricity 2026 (Dutch): Amounts including VAT: above 1x10A up to and including 3x25A € 475.84 per year; 3x35A (or 3x40A with circuit breaker) € 1,971.04 per year (accessed on 2026-10-18).
- Stedin: lightening or upgrading a connection (Dutch): For upgrading or downgrading you receive no quote; if extra work is needed you do receive a quote. Apply via mijnaansluiting.nl, after which a payment link follows (accessed on 2026-10-18).
